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Kidney and Urologic Diseases Statistics for the United States

On this page:

• Kidney Problems
• Urologic Problems
• Other Related Problems
• Sources

Kidney Problems

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Prevalence (2010): More than 10 percent of people, or more than 20 million, ages 20 years and older in the United States have CKD.¹

End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Prevalence (2008): 547,982 U.S. residents were under treatment as of the end of the calendar year.²

Resulting from these primary diseases:

• Diabetes: 205,724
• Hypertension: 133,537
• Glomerulonephritis: 83,268
• Cystic kidney: 26,094
• Urologic disease: 13,065
• All other: 86,294

Point prevalent rate (2008): For every 1 million U.S. residents, 1,752 were being treated for ESRD as of the end of the calendar year.²

Incidence (2008): 112,476 U.S. residents were new beneficiaries of treatment.²

Resulting from these primary diseases:

• Diabetes: 49,482
• Hypertension: 31,349
• Glomerulonephritis: 7,482
• Cystic kidney: 2,671
• Urologic disease: 1,567
• All other: 19,925

Incidence rate (2008): For every 1 million U.S. residents, 362.4 were new beneficiaries of treatment.²

Mortality (2008): Among U.S. residents with ESRD, there were 151.7 deaths per 1,000 patient years.² There were 88,620 deaths in all patients undergoing ESRD treatment.²

Cost for the ESRD program (2008): $39.46 billion in public and private spending.²

Point prevalent ESRD treatment counts (2008):
All dialysis treatments: 382,343 U.S. residents with ESRD received dialysis.²
In-center hemodialysis: 350,617
Home hemodialysis: 3,826
Peritoneal dialysis: 26,546
CAPD:^* 9,649
CCPD:^** 16,868
Other PD:^*** 29

*CAPD = continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
**CCPD = continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis
***PD = peritoneal dialysis

Uncertain dialysis: 1,197

Number of kidney transplants performed:²
2008: 17,413
2007: 17,519
2006: 18,059
2005: 17,450
2000: 14,629
1995: 12,165
1990: 10,035
1985: 7,505
1980: 3,786

Source of organ donations for kidney transplants performed: (2008):²
From deceased donor: 11,382
From living donor (total): 5,968
From living related donor: 3,045
From living distantly related donor: 463
From spouse/life partner: 757
From living unrelated donor: 1,281
Paired exchange: 240
Living-deceased exchange: 99
Unknown relationship: 63
Nondirected donation: 80

Number of people awaiting transplants (February 11, 2011):³
Kidney (only): 87,820
Kidney and pancreas: 2,249

Annual mortality rates for dialysis patients (number of deaths per 1,000 patient years at risk, unadjusted):²
2008: 204.9
2007: 211.8
2006: 220.0
2005: 223.9
2000: 232.9
1995: 229.7
1990: 227.5

Dialysis survival (probability of patients surviving, from day 91 of ESRD, unadjusted):²
1 year (2007–2008): 79.6
2 years (2006–2008): 66.0
5 years (2003–2008): 34.5
10 years (1998–2008): 10.5

Annual mortality rates for transplant patients (number of deaths per 1,000 patient years at risk, unadjusted):²
2008: 31.3
2007: 32.6
2006: 33.2
2005: 33.7
2000: 34.5
1995: 33.8
1990: 33.6

Patient survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted):²
1 year (2007–2008): 95.5
2 years (2006–2008): 92.2
5 years (2003–2008): 81.4
10 years (1998–2008): 62.1

Patient survival following living-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted):²
1 year (2007–2008): 98.6
2 years (2006–2008): 97.1
5 years (2003–2008): 90.8
10 years (1998–2008): 76.6

Graft survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted):²
1 year (2007–2008): 90.8
2 years (2006–2008): 85.2
5 years (2003–2008): 69.1
10 years (1998–2008): 44.6

Graft survival following living-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted):²
1 year (2007–2008): 96.4
2 years (2006–2008): 93.4
5 years (2003–2008): 81.0
10 years (1998–2008): 59.1

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Postdiarrheal

Incidence⁴
2009: 242 cases
2008: 330 cases
2007: 292 cases
2006: 288 cases
2005: 221 cases

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Urologic Problems

Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/PBS)

Prevalence: Based on a recent large national interview survey, an estimated 3.3 million U.S. women, or 2.7 percent, who are 18 years or older have pelvic pain and other symptoms, such as urinary urgency or frequency, that are associated with IC/PBS.⁵

Based on a community-based epidemiological survey, an estimated 1.6 million U.S. men, or 1.3 percent, who are 30 to 79 years old have persistent symptoms, such as pain with bladder filling or pain relieved by bladder emptying, that are associated with PBS.⁶

Urinary Stones

Prevalence of kidney stones in children: In a study of U.S. children seen in the Pediatric Health Information System hospitals, the number of children diagnosed with urolithiasis increased from 125 in 1999 to 1,389 in 2008. Compared with total hospital patients, the proportion of patients with pediatric urolithiasis increased from 18.4 per 100,000 in 1999 to 57.0 per 100,000 in 2008.⁷

Hospital Discharges: The estimated number of hospital discharges among U.S. residents ages 15 or older with "calculus of kidney and ureters" as a primary diagnosis:
(2007): 135,000 hospital discharges⁸
(2005): 184,000 hospital discharges⁹
(2000): 177,000 hospital discharges¹⁰

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits with urolithiasis as a listed diagnosis:
(2000): 2 million visits with urolithiasis as the primary diagnosis¹¹
(2000): 2.7 million visits with urolithiasis listed as any diagnosis¹¹

Cost (2000): $2.07 billion expended for evaluation and treatment¹¹

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Prevalence (1994): Percentages and counts of U.S. women and men who had a UTI in the past 12 months:
Women: 13.3 percent (12.8 million)¹²
Men: 2.3 percent (2 million)¹³

Hospital discharges: The estimated number of hospital discharges with UTI listed as a diagnosis:
(2007): 517,000 discharges⁸
(2005): 481,000 discharges⁹
(2000): 367,246 discharges in adults 18 years of age or older (121,367 men; 245,879 women)¹¹

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits in U.S. adults 18 years of age or older:
(2000): 8.27 million visits (1.41 million men; 6.86 million women) with UTI as the primary diagnosis¹¹
(2000): 11.02 million visits (2.05 million men; 8.97 million women) with UTI listed as any diagnosis¹¹

Cost (2000): $3.5 billion ($1 billion for men; $2.5 billion for women) expended for evaluation and treatment¹¹

Urinary Incontinence (UI)

Prevalence (2007): UI is estimated to affect 9 to 22 percent of U.S. adults. In women, the prevalence of ever having UI increased from 21 percent in 19- to 44-year-olds to 34 percent in 45- to 64-year-olds to 39 percent among elderly women. In men, prevalence of UI increased from 5 percent in 19- to 44-year-olds to 11 percent in 45- to 64-year-olds to 21 percent in elderly males.¹⁴

Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among U.S. adults ages 18 or older with UI listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 47,802 hospital stays (1,332 men; 46,470 women)¹¹

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by U.S. adults ages 18 or older with UI listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 207,595 visits (men) with UI as the primary diagnosis¹¹
(2000): 1.16 million visits (women) with UI as the primary diagnosis¹¹
(2000): 353,065 visits (men) with UI listed as any diagnosis¹¹
(2000): 2.13 million visits (women) with UI listed as any diagnosis¹¹

Cost (2000): $463.1 million annually ($10.3 million for men; $452.8 million for women) expended for evaluation and treatment¹¹

Other Related Problems

Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia [BPH]) and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)

Prevalence: 6.5 million of the 27 million Caucasian men ages 50 to 79 in the United States were expected to meet the criteria for discussing treatment options for BPH.¹⁵

The prevalence of BPH increases from 40 to 50 percent in men ages 51 to 60 to greater than 80 percent in men older than 80.¹⁶

Doctor visits: The estimated number of doctor visits by U.S. men ages 18 or older with BPH listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 4.4 million visits with BPH listed as the primary diagnosis ¹¹
(2000): 7.8 million visits with BPH listed as any diagnosis¹¹

Cost (2000): $1.1 billion annually expended for evaluation and treatment¹¹

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Prevalence (2007): ED prevalence in U.S. men ages 20 years and older based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is 18.4 percent, or 18 million men. The prevalence significantly increases with age, ranging from 5.1 percent in men 20 to 39 years of age to 70.2 percent in men 70 years of age and older.¹⁷

Doctor visits: The estimated number of doctor visits by U.S. men ages 18 or older with ED listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 2.9 million visits with ED listed as a diagnosis¹¹

Cost (2000): $327 million annually expended for evaluation and treatment¹¹

Prostate Cancer

Incidence (2010): The National Cancer Institute estimated that 217,730 U.S. men would be diagnosed with and 32,050 men would die of prostate cancer in 2010. The incidence rate of prostate cancer was 156.9 per 100,000 men per year from 2003 to 2007 and the death rate was 24.7 per 100,000 men per year. Based on rates from 2005 to 2007, one in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime.¹⁸

Doctor visits: The estimated number of doctor visits by U.S. men ages 18 or older with prostate cancer listed as a primary diagnosis:
(2000): 3.3 million visits with prostate cancer listed as a primary diagnosis¹¹

Cost (2000): $927 million annually expended for evaluation and treatment¹¹

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Sources

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National chronic kidney disease fact sheet: general information and national estimates on chronic kidney disease in the United States, 2010. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), CDC, 2010.

2. USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report. United States Renal Data System Web site. www.usrds.org/adr.htm. Accessed November 8, 2010. (The USRDS End-Stage Renal Disease Incident and Prevalent Quarterly Update is available at www.usrds.org/qtr/default.html.)

3. OPTN: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network website. www.optn.transplant.hrsa.gov. Accessed February 17, 2011.

4. Notifiable diseases and mortality tables. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2010;59(46).

5. Berry SH, Elliott MN, Suttorp M, et al. Prevalence of symptoms of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis among adult females in the United States. Journal of Urology. 2011;186:540–544.

6. Link CL, Pulliam SJ, Hanno PM, et al. Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of symptoms suggestive of painful bladder syndrome: results from the Boston area community health survey. Journal of Urology. 2008;180:599–606.

7. Routh JC, Graham DA, Nelson CP. Epidemiological trends in pediatric urolithiasis at United States freestanding pediatric hospitals. Journal of Urology. 2010;184(3):1100–1105.

8. Hall MJ, DeFrances CJ, Williams SN, Golosinskiy A, Schwartzman A. National hospital discharge survey: 2007 summary. National health statistics reports; no 29. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2010.

9. DeFrances, CJ, Cullen KA, Kozak LJ. National hospital discharge survey: 2005 annual summary with detailed diagnosis and procedure data. NCHS. Vital Health Statistics. 2007;13(165).

10. Kozak LJ, Hall MJ, Owings MF. National hospital discharge survey: 2000 annual summary with detailed diagnosis and procedure data. NCHS. Vital Health Statistics. 2002;13(153).

11. Litwin MS, Saigal CS. Introduction. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic Diseases in America. HHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:3–7.

12. Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic Diseases in America. HHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:587–619.

13. Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic Diseases in America. HHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:621–645.
    

14. Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Bliss DZ, Kane RL, Wilt TJ. Prevention of fecal and urinary incontinence in adults. Evidence report/technology assessment no. 161. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Rockville, MD: AHRQ; 2007. AHRQ publication 08–E003.

15. Wei JT, Calhoun EA, Jacobsen SJ. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:43–67.

16. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library website. www.merckmanuals.com/professional/print/genitourinary_disorders/benign_prostate_disease/benign_prostatic_hyperplasia_bph.html. Updated October 2008. Accessed February 14, 2012.

17. Selvin E, Burnett AL, Platz EA. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the US. The American Journal of Medicine. 2007;120:151–157.

18. SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Prostate. National Cancer Institute website. www.seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html. Updated 2010. Accessed December 6, 2010.

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Acknowledgments

Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts.

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National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse

3 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3580
Phone: 1–800–891–5390
TTY: 1–866–569–1162
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: nkudic@info.niddk.nih.gov
Internet: www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov

The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1987, the Clearinghouse provides information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system to people with kidney and urologic disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NKUDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about kidney and urologic diseases.

This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.

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NIH Publication No. 11–3895
August 2011

Page last updated: February 15, 2012

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